梅尼埃病患者发作间期跌倒风险预测模型的构建及早期预警分析Construction of a fall risk prediction model and early warning system for patients with Meniere's disease during interictal periods
徐菲,王伟,李珊
摘要(Abstract):
目的:构建梅尼埃病(Meniere’s disease, MD)患者发作间期跌倒风险的预测模型,识别关键危险因素并建立早期预警评分系统,为临床制定MD防跌倒干预策略提供循证依据。方法:选取2021年6月至2025年6月海军军医大学第一附属医院耳鼻咽喉科收治的226例MD患者为研究对象,采用回顾性队列研究设计,自行设计调查表收集患者一般资料、临床资料及跌倒发生情况。根据发作间期6个月内是否发生跌倒分为跌倒组与非跌倒组。采用单因素分析筛选跌倒相关影响因素,多因素logistic回归分析确定独立危险因素,采用R软件建立列线图预测模型,并通过Bootstrap法(重复抽样1 000次)进行内部验证。采用ROC曲线评估模型区分度,Hosmer-Lemeshow检验评估模型校准度,决策曲线分析(DCA)评估模型临床净获益。结果:226例MD患者发作间期跌倒发生率为34.51%(78/226)。单因素分析显示,跌倒组年龄、病程、眩晕发作频率、眩晕残障程度评定量表(DHI)评分、冷热试验CP值、计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)、医院焦虑抑郁量表评分(HADS)、独居比例均高于非跌倒组,而Berg平衡量表评分、每日步行时长≥30 min比例均低于非跌倒组(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、病程≥5年、眩晕发作频率≥4次/月、Berg评分≤45分、TUGT≥14.5 s、冷热试验CP值≥25%、HADS焦虑评分≥11分、独居状态是MD患者跌倒的独立危险因素,每日步行时长≥30 min为保护因素。基于8项独立危险因素建立列线图预测模型,总分为0~240分,对应风险概率为0.05~0.95。Bootstrap验证显示ROC曲线(AUC)为0.861;Hosmer-Lemeshow检验χ~2=7.270,P=0.508,提示模型拟合良好;DCA显示阈值概率在0.10~0.85范围内具有良好临床净获益。依据模型评分将MD患者分为低风险(0~100分)、中风险(101~160分)、高风险(161~240分)3层,高风险组跌倒发生率为74.29%(26/35),均显著高于中风险组40.66%(37/91)及低风险组15.00%(15/100),3组间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:本研究成功构建了MD患者发作间期跌倒风险的列线图预测模型,识别出8项独立危险因素,模型具有良好的区分度、校准度及临床实用性。基于该模型的3级风险分层可实现MD患者跌倒风险的精准识别与早期预警,为MD患者的慢病管理及跌倒预防提供量化评估工具。
关键词(KeyWords): 梅尼埃病;发作间期;跌倒风险;预测模型;列线图;早期预警
基金项目(Foundation):
作者(Author): 徐菲,王伟,李珊
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.10.004
参考文献(References):
- [1] Sisodiya NK,Singh I.A Symphony of Silence:Homoeopathy and the Restoration of Inner Ear Health in Meniere’s disease[J].Homoeopathic Heritage,2025,51(9):821-826.
- [2] Du Y,Liu X,Ren L,et al.Multidimensional Feature Analysis of Meniere’s Disease and Vestibular Migraine:Insights from Machine Learning and Vestibular Testing[J].Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology,2025,26(3):287-300.
- [3] 吴文静,丁小美,叶斐,等.前庭康复治疗联合冥想放松训练对耳源性眩晕患者跌倒风险的应用效果[J].江西医药,2025,60(2):123-126.
- [4] 张莎,周鑫,张晨.血清Ficolin-3,Sestrin2水平与铂类药物所致耳源性眩晕患者前庭功能,跌倒风险的相关性[J].检验医学与临床,2024,21(21):3220-3224.
- [5] 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会,中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会.梅尼埃病诊断和治疗指南(2017)[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2017,52(3):167-172.
- [6] Jongkees LBW,Maas JPM,Philipszoon AJ.Clinical nystagmography:A detailed study of electro-nystagmography in 341 patients with vertigo[J].Practica Oto-Rhino-Laryngologica,1962,24:65-93.
- [7] 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会,中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会.前庭诱发肌源性电位临床操作技术专家共识(2021)[J].中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2021,56(5):431-436.
- [8] Riddle DL,Stratford PW.Interpreting Validity Indexes for Diagnostic Tests:An Illustration Using the Berg Balance Test[J].Physical Therapy,1999,79(10):939-948.
- [9] Shumway-Cook A,Brauer S,Woollacott M.Predicting the probability for falls in community-dwelling older adults using the Timed Up & Go Test[J].Physical Therapy,2000,80(9):896-903.
- [10] Cherchi M.Computerized Dynamic Posturography[M]//Otoneurology and Vestibular Medicine.Cham:Springer,2025:993-1004.
- [11] Faltracco V,Pain D,Dalla Bella E,et al.Mood disorders in patients with motor neuron disease and frontotemporal symptoms:Validation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for use in motor neuron disease[J].J Neurol Sci,2025,469:123378.
- [12] 王志灼,谷莉,周谋望.中国老年人跌倒风险因素识别及评估工具应用的研究进展[J].中国康复医学杂志,2021,36(11):1457-1461.
- [13] Curry SD,Lopez IA,Ishiyama G,et al.Changes in the Neurovascular Unit in Meniere’s Disease[J].Otol Neurotol,2025,46(10):1303-1309.
- [14] 王玫懿.倍他司汀和经皮迷走神经刺激联合治疗对梅尼埃病的疗效[J].中国康复,2024,39(7):410-410.
- [15] 周梓意,张仪铃,毛秋月,等.人工智能在梅尼埃病中的应用进展[J].临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志,2025,39(5):496-500.
- [16] Liu X,Guo P,Wang D,et al.Applications of Machine Learning in Meniere’s Disease Assessment Based on Pure-Tone Audiometry[J].Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery,2025,172(1):278-284.
- [17] Ali H,Khokhar MM,Shahid T.Critical appraisal of study design and diagnostic approaches in dual-target corticosteroid therapy for Meniere’s disease[J].European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology,2025,282(12):6553-6554.
- [18] Han L,Wang Z,Zhang J,et al.The postoperative relief of vertigo and migraine in Meniere’s disease patients with and without migraine[J].Acta Oto-Laryngologica,2025,145(7):607-612.
- [19] Hallin K,Schart-Morén N,Rask-Andersen H.Speech perception and hearing preservation after cochlear implantation in patients with Meniere’s disease[J].Acta Oto-Laryngologica,2025,145(5):430-435.
- [20] Zhang X,Wang Q,Xu J,et al.Differentiating vestibular migraine from Meniere’s disease:an analysis of clinical features,videonystagmography,and caloric testing[J].Frontiers in Neuroscience,2026,19:1745820.