老年性听力损失与认知功能的关联及其与噪声下言语感知能力关系的阈值效应分析Association between age-related hearing loss and cognitive function,and analysis of the threshold effect on speech perception in noisy environments
刘怡,岳徕,王松建,王媛,王硕
摘要(Abstract):
目的:探讨老年性听力损失与认知功能、噪声下言语感知能力间的关系,分析听力水平与噪声下言语感知能力之间是否存在阈值效应,为听力损失患者早期诊疗提供参考。方法:招募129例双耳听力对称且听力水平不同的老年受试者,以双耳平均纯音听阈(pure-tone average, PTA)反映听力水平,并采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(Montreal cognitive assessment, MoCA)评估认知功能。根据其在安静、信噪比为+5 dB和0 dB 3种聆听环境下的言语感知成绩,计算噪声下言语感知心理测量函数斜率(Slope)来量化个体随着聆听环境变差言语感知能力的相对下降程度,即抗噪声能力。分析受试者PTA、MoCA与Slope间关系,并使用分段线性回归分析方法计算影响受试者抗噪声能力的PTA拐点。结果:控制年龄、性别及受教育年限等协变量后,PTA与MoCA评分呈显著负相关[r=-0.236,Bootstrap 95%CI(-0.395,-0.058),FDR校正后P=0.012]。控制年龄、性别、受教育年限及MoCA评分等协变量后,PTA与Slope呈显著负相关[r=-0.291,Bootstrap 95%CI(-0.451,-0.114),FDR校正后P=0.003)]。然而控制年龄、性别、受教育年限以及PTA后,MoCA与Slope间无显著相关性,P>0.05。相比于线性回归分析方法,分段线性回归分析方法能够更好地拟合PTA与Slope之间的关系[线性回归R~2=0.147,分段线性回归R~2=0.194,F(2,125)=3.639,P=0.029]。分段线性回归模型显示PTA与Slope间存在阈值效应,该阈值位于25~26 dB HL,95%CI 20~45 dB HL。结论:老年性感音神经性听力损失与高级认知功能衰退及抗噪声干扰能力下降均存在关联。听力损失与抗噪声干扰能力并非线性变化趋势,而是存在阈值效应,当PTA超过25~26 dB HL后,受试者的言语感知能力会更易受噪声干扰,其抗噪声干扰的能力随着听力下降呈加速下降趋势。本研究提示,当受试者听阈超过25~26 dB HL,其言语感知抗噪声干扰能力下降,这为听力损失患者言语功能早期诊断与干预提供客观依据。
关键词(KeyWords): 老年性听力损失;认知功能;噪声下言语感知能力;阈值效应
基金项目(Foundation): 国家自然科学基金(No:82301300);; 北京市自然科学基金(No:7252010)
作者(Author): 刘怡,岳徕,王松建,王媛,王硕
DOI: 10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2026.10.001
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